Why local is the answer to a future of new normals

This is a rough transcript of my talk at Most Wanted: Music Dial-in on July 20.

Just before the pandemic hit, I started a new project called Hard Dance Berlin.

My intention was to map out the local scenes of harder electronic music and try to bring them together more after I noticed that people like each other’s music, but rarely come together.

I wanted to shine a light on all the local events happening that cater to people who love those sounds and in many weeks found events on 4 of the nights. One week in February even had relevant events all 7 nights. Berlin 💁

But then it stopped. Abruptly. First the cancellations came from concerned organisers and then the lockdown happened and forced organisers who hadn’t caught up yet to also cancel their events.

My vision had been this:

Focusing on local allows people from various scenes to collaborate and create new scenes. By bringing audiences together, we’d be able to support each other. No more having to easyJet around Europe every weekend just to pay the bills as a DJ.

But in the middle of March there was no local to focus on. Everyone’s ‘local’ was reduced to staying at home. While everyone’s at home, focusing on local seems pointless, because what would once emerge as a local subculture from a record shop and venue in a particular city, now emerges through networks of artists on SoundCloud and Instagram.

Organisers and artists scrambled to get livestreams up and running, while the amount of daily new information added an edge of overload to a time of uncertainty.

Something happened since the initial lockdowns:

We went from something that was very hard to grasp and felt completely overwhelming to a certain calm. We know most countries have similar style lockdowns in place. While uncertainty and hardship is part of the daily reality for many of us, things have also become a lot more predictable than back in March and April.

Unfortunately, that is temporary.

We’re now seeing governments inside the EU giving negative travel advice to their citizens traveling to certain countries or regions in Europe.

The most publicised of these are the UK and Germany’s recent travel advice for Spain. Also in the past days, the Dutch government advised their citizens to avoid the Antwerp area after an outbreak, after which the Belgian government gave out a similar warning for The Netherlands.

So while we’re now carefully trying to get live music back on its feet, with proper safety measures in place, we’re seeing a landscape evolve that is as complicated as it was in early March when some cities and regions locked down, but countries were still open… but would they be by the time you had to be there?

Risk management

In order to maintain or increase certainty and predictability, we are seeing organisers of drive-in shows, the rare socially distanced event, and even many livestreams depend on local cultures: venues, crews, artists.

Now let’s imagine a few months forward: we’ll likely see a complicated landscape of lockdowns as countries, states, and cities deal with outbreaks. When all’s clear, events with proper hygiene may be permitted, but when an outbreak occurs the area might go into a form of lockdown at almost no notice.

So let’s imagine next summer. Let’s say that we have a vaccine by then – which is optimistic, but not unrealistic. Will that vaccine give long-term immunity or be more like a flu shot? Can we get it out to large enough parts of our populations – how quickly? And what about all the other places in the world? And then what does the world look like? We’ll know that this can happen again – as it nearly did with bird flu, swine flu, SARS, MERS, you name it.

And what about other crises? Every year we see record temperatures and more extreme weather events. Governments are discussing “green new deals” to reorganise their economies in order to address the crises of climate, waste, and biodiversity.

The new normal is not a static thing: it’s a future of new normals.

So that current local focus we’re seeing: it’s here to stay. It’s risk mitigation. That’s not to say your favourite bands won’t be coming to town anymore: they probably will. But since focusing on local scenes is one of the most effective strategies for mitigating risk in the face of these crises, we’ll see a renaissance of local scenes in an interconnected world – where scenes from Berlin, New Orleans, Shanghai, etc. can be made visible to each other.

By what we’re learning now about building online business models, we can make sure music won’t depend as much on cheap air travel as it used to — because eventually there probably won’t be air travel as cheap as it is now.

So I’d like to encourage everyone to think long-term and build global networks for local impact. Our future kind of depends on it.

Image above by Donny Jiang on Unsplash

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Introducing MUSIC x GREEN: directory for a greener music business

Today I’m launching MUSIC x GREEN. 🚀

It is a directory to create more visibility for organisations and initiatives that make the music industry greener, less impactful on the climate and ecology, and more sustainable overall. 🌱

By making it easier to find and share best practices, organisations, products, and research, I hope we can accelerate the progress towards our sustainability goals.

Screenshot of the MUSIC x GREEN website

Why am I launching MUSIC x GREEN?

The environment is something I always cared about. I stopped eating meat in 2007. Whenever reasonably possible, I travel by land. In the midst of the forest fire crisis in Brazil earlier this year, I started going to the Fridays For Future rallies in Berlin. From small demonstrations with one or two hundred people, to bike rallies, to Extinction Rebellion’s blockades, to a protest with over a quarter million people: every time I was inspired by young people taking a stand and demanding governments and corporations acknowledge the climate crisis and take stronger measures towards preventing further catastrophe.

My day-to-day is in music though and when I left IDAGIO, it was time to kick up my music innovation newsletter again: MUSIC x TECH x FUTURE. It is subscribed to by thousands of people in the music business and adjacent industries, and I have always used it as a means to put items on the agenda that I think are important and underdiscussed.

Sustainability had become one of them. I started researching it. I found out about the immense impact of tours, that audience travel often has the largest share in the greenhouse gas output of an event, and about the fact that music streaming puts a heavier burden on our climate than the CD business ever did.

But it wasn’t that easy to find these things out.

I found news articles quoting each other and reusing the same data from 2008 over and over again. I found blogs talking about a star’s initiative to get her fans to take climate action, but it didn’t go into any detail nor talk about the results.

Then still it would take hours of digging through websites, publications, references by others, getting tips via email, etc. to find stuff out.

If I’m spending that time anyway, I might as well make sure other people won’t have to do the same.

MUSIC x GREEN is where you can share projects, data, initiatives, organisations, professionals, case studies, and news about what’s happening in the space of music and sustainability.

Right now, it has the form of a simple filterable database where everyone can submit and upvote projects, somewhat comparable to Product Hunt. With your feedback and input, it will evolve over time.

How did I build MUSIC x GREEN?

MUSIC x GREEN was made with Sheet2Site: a service that lets you build a website from a spreadsheet. I had been playing around with the idea for a while, but wasn’t sure how to build it. I considered WordPress, because 20 years of blogging (of which at least 12 with WordPress) has made me rather familiar with the software. But it seemed to complicated and I wanted something simpler.

I wanted to get something up and launched ASAP, so I asked Twitter for good “#NoCode” tools for something like this. The next morning I reviewed the options and by the end of the morning I shelved over the 50 bucks to Sheet2Site and got busy.

The back of the website, where I enter all the data, looks like this and is stored on my Google Drive:

Google Sheets view of MUSIC x Green

I added and organised lots of the great work I was already familiar with and by the end of the day the site was ready. Now all I needed to do was wait for the domain name to be connected (I went for MUSIC x SUSTAINABILITY at first, but sustainability is annoying to type in URLs), write this blog post, ask some friends for feedback, and make sure I didn’t have to do large edits taking the site down in its first days.

But the launch moment in my head was clear: Friday, at noon. The default rally time for Fridays For Future.

What’s next?

First of all: now it’s over to you. Please start submitting projects, initiatives, research, organisations, events. Let’s gather everything in one place. Go to musicxgreen.com, and hit ‘Submit a Project’ at the top.

I wanted to ‘start small‘. For me it’s important to get something out there, see how people interact with it, and feel the pressure of thousands of eyes while I improve things.

Ideas I’m currently considering are

  • More tags:
    • “New ✨” to easily find items added in the last x days.
    • “Products 🛍️” to find eco-friendly alternatives. I’m torn about this one, because I think we should basically buy less, not more.
    • “People 💁‍♀️” to highlight academics, professionals, and activists in the music and sustainability space.
  • Notifications:
    • Maybe a newsletter to stay up to date of new additions, perhaps once a month.
    • Something more automated like a Twitter feed.
  • Social?
    • I like the idea of adding some type of commenting system, although it’s not (yet) supported by Sheet2Site, so may have to migrate for that.
  • Fix the images
    • Currently a lot of the images are hosted on third-party sites, including Twitter and Facebook. This is not so privacy-friendly, the images may be larger than they need to be, and there’s a risk of them disappearing. Any developer who can figure out how to grab all these images, possibly run them through optimization like imgix, and then replace all the URLs in the spreadsheet with the optimized images? Ideally as a script that I can trigger every now and then when a significant number of items were added… Get in touch.

If you have suggestions, feedback, or questions, the best way to reach out to me is on Twitter: @basgras or send me an email.

Thanks for reading all of this! If this is important to you, consider reading and signing onto the music business’ declaration of emergency.

New to MUSIC x? Subscribe to the free newsletter for regular updates about innovation in music. Thousands of music professionals around the world have gone before you.

Reducing music’s climate impact through innovation

Coldplay announced this week that they are not going to tour until they can figure out a climate neutral or climate positive way to do so. Touring has a massive CO2 output. U2‘s 2009 tour is said to have produced the CO2 equivalent of flying to Mars and back (or the annual waste produced by 6,500 British people, or the same as leaving a lightbulb running for 159,000 years, or flying 90,000 people at one of their stadium shows from London to Dublin – pick your favourite).

What are the implications? A single flight from London to Dublin produces about 100kg of CO2 per passenger, depending on the airline. Now consider this: “Each kg of CO2 ultimately melts about 650 kg of glacial ice.” Times 100, times 90,000. And that’s just for this one band, in perhaps the most polluting tour ever.

However, it’s audience travel that is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in music. Oft-quoted research by Julie’s Bicycle, published in 2008, estimates audience travel accounts for 43% of the UK music industry’s greenhouse gas output.

The Guardian article about U2 that I linked above, ends with a quote of a review by Mark Reed:

“The carbon footprint of this might be quite large, but the spiritual rewards to the audience of this are those that enhance a life. If all life were bread and water, then there would be nothing to lift mankind above the amoeba.”

I personally dislike how dismissive the quote sounds, especially when it’s used to conclude an article about an important problem. Mankind has a much worse chance of surviving catastrophic climate change than amoeba after all. However, the author does touch upon something important. The experiences that the music business provides are important (so important that it’s moved someone to describe a U2 concert as a spiritual experience). So what drives me are the following two questions:

  • How can we continue to provide these experiences?
  • How can we use these experiences to inspire a better world?

What comes to mind is a quote by Sammy Bananas, founder of DJs for Climate Action. Talking to Stuart Swift in an article on Stamp the Wax, the example of transitioning from plastic straws to paper comes up:

“While Sammy admits its impact on the climate is negligible, it “may have a much greater effect on making people wonder why the venue took the effort to make the switch.” This creates a snowball effect where “individuals want to learn more and engage.””

Alright. I hope the doom and gloom in the paragraphs above is enough of a motivator. Let’s look at actionable steps players in the industry can take to reduce our impact and inspire a better world.

Measure

Whether it’s understanding energy use of a venue or festival, waste produced, or the audience’s footprint, the first step to tackling a problem is to start mapping it. This makes it easier to research and identify areas of high impact and not get distracted by working on things which have negligible impact.

Few venues have an accurate idea of the energy consumption of everything inside. Sure, stage lighting and audio is often well-considered and engineered, but what about cooling systems, lighting in other spaces of the venue, heating, etc.

Do artists know their CO2 footprints? Understanding better what the environmental cost of a tour or a gig is, can help identify ways to address or mitigate that cost.

Then there’s festivals and the audience that travels to them. In considering audience travel, the main question is often a logistical one: how do we get everyone on-site in a decent timeframe? Is there enough road and public transport capacity? As audience travel constitutes a majority of a festival’s greenhouse gas footprint (Dr Jillian Anable & Julie’s Bicycle put it at two thirds), it’s worth tracking the problem and mapping it out.

Audience travel

The problem of audience travel emissions is important to approach within its specific contexts. What type of event are people traveling for? What are their modes of transportation? What type of (public transport) infrastructure exists?

Festivals may consider offering discounted combined entrance & public transport tickets, organising events closer to urban areas, and offering camping equipment rental and supply sales on-site. The latter is an important why people choose to travel by car to multi-day festivals.

In general, organisers should make sure public transportation services are mentioned in event communications, as audiences are often not aware of these options.

Energy use at events

The UK’s Shambala Festival is often mentioned as one of the greenest festivals and managed to reduce its carbon footprint by 80% and is free of meat, fish, and disposable plastics.

Paul Schurink, co-founder of Green Events Netherlands, is an expert in the field of temporary energy supply and as such has worked with countless festivals to improve their energy use. In an interview with Clubbing TV, he explains some of the basics. Some takeaways:

  • Smart power plans for festivals take about 3 years to build. The first year you go for the quick wins, and in following years you get a feedback loop of expertise and new practices. After 3 years, festivals can save 40% of their power per edition.
  • If a festival uses forty thousand liters of fuel for generating power, they’d need fifteen thousand liters less. Financially, that’s at least fifteen thousand euros saved. It also means less generators to rent, less generators and fuel to transport, less transport costs.
  • If you use less power, you’re more sustainable. Using less power also makes it easier to make use of sustainable energy sources like solar panels.

Live events as testing grounds

Duncan Stutterheim, founder of dance event organisation ID&T and the legendary Thunderdome events, set up Open House a few years ago. Akin to a startup incubator, they helped partner innovative young companies with events and NGOs. Together, they could find out more about topics like how the same innovative energy solutions used at festivals can be used for humanitarian aid, and also looked into circular use of waste.

An organisation called Innofest matches innovative startups with festivals to test their solutions out in the real world. Since their website is completely in Dutch, I’ll highlight some of their cases:

  • Ditching single use rain ponchos (15 minutes of use, 500 years to decompose): a startup called Weather Underground did a test at Noorderzon festival with ponchos that can be repurposed as a bag and are biodegradable (video in English).
  • Building tables of festival waste: Futuretable made tables from recycled waste at Welcome to The Village festival. By communicating that these tables were made of waste, they successfully encouraged people to recycle more because they could see and try out what their waste would turn into.
  • E-waste Arcade tested better waste separation by making it fun through sound-producing garbage disposal units at Eurosonic Noorderslag.
  • Plantjebandje is a compostable festival wristband that’s biodegrable and filled with plant seeds. Take the wristband off at home, plant it and see what sprouts. (article in English)
  • &Cricket tested what it takes to get people to eat insect-based food as a sustainable alternative to meat (a major contributor to greenhouse gases). Their cricket fries sold out.

Connect & stay up to date

Sustainability is becoming a major topic of my music & innovation newsletter MUSIC x TECH x FUTURE – followed by thousands of people in creative industries around the globe. If you’re not on the list, please consider subscribing.

If you are professionally active in the music industry or sustainability and collaborate with creative sectors, please drop me a short email introducing yourself — I’d like to invite you to the Music Tech Network Slack. I’ve set up a #sustainability channel and I want it to be a place to exchange knowledge, experience, and build connections. Reach me at bas@musicxtechxfuture.com

tents at what might or might not be a music festival

The Urgent Need for a Sustainable Music Industry – and the Innovations that Make it Possible

Every month this year has been the hottest in recorded history. Our weather is getting increasingly unpredictable, leading to more storms and floods in some areas and extreme droughts and forest fires in others.

The importance of selling music, or solving problems in the music business, pales in comparison with these issues.

However, these are not separate. We are the environment and our actions affect it. You can bet that last century’s vast record distribution networks made an important contribution to our CO2 output.

Can you guess how much of the CO2 footprint of a CD purchase comes from the ride between the consumer’s home and retail outlet?

10%?

Bit more.

Try something like 20-30%.

Well..

Still wrong.

It’s 50%.

CO2 cost of music sales
Comparison of six album purchase scenarios in GHG emissions (g CO2/album). Error bars represent 90% credible intervals from Monte Carlo analysis. (Source: Microsoft, Intel)

The good news is that consuming music digitally reduces the CO2 footprint of that music by 40-80%. So, sure, the decline of the CD brought a decrease in revenues for the overall music industry, but at least we get a less tangible benefit in return. And the industry appears to be recovering.

In economics, there is a concept called negative externalities which is defined as “economic activity that imposes a negative effect on an unrelated third party.” Take the CD trade as an example. It imposed a large negative effect on consumers, since the taxes levied around transportation do not raise enough money to reverse the effects of the associated CO2 output.

There are many remaining negative externalities in the music business, but technological innovation can help alleviate problems. It’s in our economic interest to care about these negative externalities. If we can prevent scenarios with cataclysmic weather events, consumers might be a little more relaxed to go see a gig, buy some merch, and spend money on music instead of sand bags to protect their house against a flood. I’m not exaggerating: floods in US coastal cities have more than doubled since the 1980s.

Transportation

As highlighted before, transportation is one of the biggest contributors to CO2 output. What can we do besides driving hybrids or environment-‘friendly’ trucks?

The commute to the studio

Democratized means of production, such as production software and more affordable high quality digital equipment, have reduced the need for regular commutes to the studio. Studios may still be a necessity due to acoustics, sound isolation and for recording purposes, but you don’t need them every step of the way.

Bedroom producers are polar bears’ best friends.

Hawaiian polar bear

The commute to the office

What goes for musicians, definitely goes for most people with office jobs in the music business. If you want to be a sustainable company in this day and age, encourage everyone who’s able to, to work from (close to) home at least 1-2 days a week.

VR and concerts

Perhaps the biggest contributors to the industry’s carbon emissions are live touring and festivals. They require equipment to be shipped, band members to be flown, and fans to be congregated. In the UK, audience travel is estimated to account for 43% of the industry’s gas emissions. The rise of electronic dance music and hiphop have helped to reduce the amount of equipment, and band members, being flown around. Virtual reality could be a next step.

While VR won’t replace the concert experience, it will offer a new competing experience. Being able to host virtual performances for fans worldwide, at a much lower cost, won’t just help reduce emissions, but can also alleviate some of the stress that a lifestyle of always being on tour entails. There has been much attention for mental health in music recently: perhaps VR can help?

VR, band practice and collaboration

Another reason why people come together a lot is for practice and collaboration. What if you could work together in a virtual environment, from the comfort of your homes? What if that virtual environment replicated a normal practice studio perfectly? What if that virtual environment could provide an experience richer, especially in terms of features, than a real world place?

Merch, 3D Printing, and distributed manufacturing

Another big cost to the industry, consumer, and environment: shipping merchandise. And let’s think beyond just the t-shirts. Some artists ship in large quantities, but most don’t have the scale to mass-produce. They produce small batches, and then ship them around the world from where they live. It would arrive at your home or a local pick-up point. What if instead, you order something, it’s produced at the nearest 3D printer and you can pick it up from there. Not only are there less emissions involved, but it might be faster too. There are still questions about whether the amount of energy required offsets the carbon emissions, particularly for mass production, but some printers are performing great.

Services like 3D Hubs are already providing over 1 billion people with access to 3D printers within 10 miles from their home.

Developments in commercial flight

Even if we don’t do anything, technology is being developed to make flight a lot cleaner. Biofuels may reduce carbon emissions by 36-85%. Longer term, lithium-ion batteries may allow for solar-powered flight. We’re not quite there yet, but as can be seen in the video below, Elon Musk is optimistic that it’s doable.

Hardware

Now let’s tackle the impact of producing some of the equipment necessary for making music. Some instruments get resold, recycled, or re-used. A lot of hardware doesn’t, though. According to a UN study, only 15.5% of ‘e-waste’ gets recycled.

Furthermore, there is a lot of unused value sitting inside communities.

Self-driving vehicles promise to reduce the amount of cars we need to manufacture. Why? Because our cars are standing still 95% of the time. If cars are automated and shared, one car could service many more people on a day than it would normally do in a month.

Likewise, a lot of instruments and equipment go unused for vast amounts of time. What if there was a way to share this value with other musicians in your community? Think Airbnb for music equipment, which includes insurance. A startup called Demooz lets you borrow things to try before you buy. A startup with a broader use case, Peerby, lets you lend to and borrow from your neighbours. For free, or you can charge a fee.

So, maybe you don’t have to go to the studio to use a good microphone and there is also no necessity for everyone to own all of the equipment they might need either.

Why spend money when you can be like Kramer?

Festivals & events

A lot of festivals are powered by diesel generators, costing around half a billion euros each year, just in Europe. As much as three quarters of the UK music industry’s greenhouse gas emissions come from live performances.

Tents get left behind, a lot of water is used to clean, and cars queue up for hours to get into parking lots.

One of the most interesting music-related startup accelerators has to be Open-House. They look at how events can be made more efficient, but also how festivals can be used as a case study for how we organise humanitarian aid, or solving other societal issues.

Their startups include Kartent, a recyclable cardboard tent, Sanitrax, which makes the toilet experience more efficient, and Watt-Now, an energy monitoring system for festivals.

Each year, Amsterdam Dance Event organises a full day of presentations, panels and discussions about sustainability in events and dance music, called ADE Green. Other conferences should take note.

Conferences

Music industry events used to be the only way to handle business for a lot of people. Now, with fast communication, video calls, etc. that aspect has lost its importance. Even for networking, Slack channels like the Music Tech Network or good old Twitter might be a n easier way to get in touch with relevant people, and especially more CO2 efficient. Sure, online networking doesn’t build the same trust relation as meeting face to face does, but collaboration does – and with such vast arsenals of tools at our disposal for online collaboration, there has never been a better chance to involve people from around the world in your projects.

And if you’re going to organise a conference that flies in a lot of people – at least dedicate some time to sustainability.

Using music to inspire

Music is powerful. When people come to a festival, for many, it will be an experience they’ll never forget.

Music is part of everyone’s life. From Fortune 500 CEO to high school student, from plumber to engineer.

This gives us a unique position. We get to dictate the standard. We get to influence what is ‘cool’, and what should be considered normal.

Consider a large-scale, ‘green’ festival, such as the UK’s Shambala. Implementing these solutions has a ripple effect.

Music has the power to inspire movements and new societal norms. It can ignite revolutions.

Let’s use music’s power to inspire people to build a greener world.

Extra resources

If you want to make the music business more sustainable, here are some amazing sets of resources to help you on your way.

  • Julie’s Bicycle: a global charity dedicated to making the creative industries sustainable. They have a vast set of resources ranging from guides, to fact sheets, and webinars.
  • Ouishare: a collaborative economy initiative that does research, connects people together, and shares advice and insight into how sharing can make us more resource efficient.